An if statement is used to test an expression for truth and execute some code based on it. Here’s a simple form of the if statement:

if (condition) {

  some code

}

If the condition is true, then the statements within are executed. Otherwise, the statements are skipped and the program continues on.

if (flip == 1) {

  std::cout << "Heads\n";

}

The if keyword is followed by a set of parentheses (). Inside the parentheses (), a condition is provided that evaluates to true or false:

• If the condition evaluates to true, the code inside the curly braces {} executes.
• If the condition evaluates to false, the code won’t execute.

So in the code above, if flip is equal to 1, the program outputs “Heads”; if it does not, then nothing happens and the program continues.